Использование USB-3G-модемов | Русскоязычная документация по Ubuntu

Содержание

At commands
Modem-manager with quectel ec21
Mounting of smb shares
Use dispatcher to connect to a vpn after a network connection is established
Как подключить 3g usb модем (мегафон, мтс, билайн) в ubuntu linux 12.04
Настройка 3g-модема в linux • – huawei devices
Подключиться к модему для ввода at команд
Регистрация модемов в системе ubuntu
Удаленный мониторинг и управление устройств на базе linux/openwrt/lede через 80-ый порт…
Узнайте больше о Huawei

At commands

There are some useful commands:

AT^U2DIAG=0 – the device is only Modem
AT^U2DIAG=1 – device is in modem mode CD ROM
AT^U2DIAG=255 – the device in modem mode CD ROM Card Reader
AT^U2DIAG=256 – the device in modem mode Card Reader
AT CPIN=PIN-CODE – enter PIN-code
AT CUSD=1,PDU-encoded-USSD-code,15 – USSD request, result can be found (probably) in /dev/ttyUSB2.

Encode *100# to PDU format:

$ perl -e '@a=split(//,unpack("b*","*100#")); for ($i=7; $i < $#a; $i =8) { $a[$i]="" } print uc(unpack("H*", pack("b*", join("", @a))))."n"'

Decode AA180C3602 from PDU format:

$ perl -e '@a=split(//,unpack("b*", pack("H*","AA180C3602"))); for ($i=6; $i < $#a; $i =7) {$a[$i].="0" } print pack("b*", join("", @a)).""'

Answer decoding (this example is balance response: 151.25):

$ perl -e 'print pack("H*", "003100350031002C003200350020044004430431002E0020");'

Some operators return USSD result in PDU encoding, so you should check proper decoding method.

AT CSQ – get signal quality (AT CSQ=?)
AT GMI – get manufacturer
AT GMM – get model
AT GMR – get revision
AT GMN – get IMEI
AT COPS? – get operator info
AT^CARDLOCK="NCK-code" – unlock modem. NCK-code should be calculated by IMEI. After that modem can work with any GSM-provider.
AT^SYSCFG=mode, order, band, roaming, domain – System Config

Mode:

2 Automatic search
13 2G ONLY
14 3G ONLY
16 No change

Order:

0 Automatic search
1 2G first, then 3G
2 3G first, then 2G
3 No change

Band:

80 GSM DCS systems
100 Extended GSM 900
200 Primary GSM 900
200000 GSM PCS
400000 WCDMA IMT 2000
3FFFFFFF Any band
40000000 No change of band

Roaming:

0 Not supported
1 Roaming is supported
2 No change

Domain:

0 CS_ONLY
1 PS_ONLY
2 CS_PS
3 ANY
4 No change

Modem-manager with quectel ec21

I’m running Ubuntu Core on a Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3 (and IO board), and have a Quectel EC21 LTE modem connected to it via USB. I’m struggling to get it to work.

Following the guide on the Ubuntu Core docs site, I can see the modem show up:

<code>$ sudo modem-manager.mmcli -L

Found 1 modems:
    /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Modem/1 [Quectel] EC21
</code>

And I can see some good information about it:

<code>$ sudo modem-manager.mmcli -m 1

/org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Modem/1 (device id 'a7dea8991786834fd4f5937baf2bae98f64e16dd')
  -------------------------
  Hardware |   manufacturer: 'Quectel'
           |          model: 'EC21'
           |       revision: 'EC21AUTFAR02A03M4G'
           |      supported: 'gsm-umts, lte'
           |        current: 'gsm-umts, lte'
           |   equipment id: '861108030174782'
  -------------------------
  System   |         device: '/sys/devices/platform/soc/3f980000.usb/usb1/1-1/1-1.2'
           |        drivers: 'option1'
           |         plugin: 'Generic'
           |   primary port: 'ttyUSB2'
           |          ports: 'ttyUSB0 (qcdm), ttyUSB2 (at), ttyUSB3 (at)'
  -------------------------
  Numbers  |           own : 'unknown'
  -------------------------
  Status   |           lock: 'none'
           | unlock retries: 'unknown'
           |          state: 'connected'
           |    power state: 'on'
           |    access tech: 'lte'
           | signal quality: '80' (recent)
  -------------------------
  Modes    |      supported: 'allowed: 2g, 3g, 4g; preferred: none'
           |        current: 'allowed: 2g, 3g, 4g; preferred: none'
  -------------------------
  Bands    |      supported: 'unknown'
           |        current: 'unknown'
  -------------------------
  IP       |      supported: 'ipv4, ipv6, ipv4v6'
  -------------------------
  3GPP     |           imei: '861108030174782'
           |  enabled locks: 'none'
           |    operator id: '50501'
           |  operator name: 'Telstra Mobile Telstra'
           |   subscription: 'unknown'
           |   registration: 'home'
  -------------------------
  SIM      |           path: '/org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SIM/1'

  -------------------------
  Bearers  |          paths: '/org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Bearer/0'
</code>

If I follow the rest of the guide, i.e.:

<code>$ sudo nmcli c add type gsm ifname ttyUSB2 con-name 4G apn telstra.internet
Connection '4G' (7640a17c-c7f4-40c7-9490-bfb0d22e28f1) successfully added.

$ sudo nmcli r wwan on
</code>

I seem to get an IP address:

<code>$ ip addr
4: ppp0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 3
    link/ppp 
    inet 10.98.27.23/32 brd 10.98.27.23 scope global ppp0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
</code>

This is the output of the logs:

<code>$ sudo journalctl --no-pager -u snap.network-manager.networkmanager.service

Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.0949] settings: Failed to add 7640a17c-c7f4-40c7-9490-bfb0d22e28f1/'4G': Plugin does not support adding connections
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.0984] keyfile: loading from file "/var/snap/network-manager/265/conf/system-connections/4G"...
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.0987] settings-connection[0x12b6590]: constructed (NMKeyfileConnection)
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1014] settings-connection[0x12b6590,7640a17c-c7f4-40c7-9490-bfb0d22e28f1]: replace settings from connection 0x754040c0 (4G)
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <info>  [1523928492.1049] keyfile: add connection /var/snap/network-manager/265/conf/system-connections/4G (7640a17c-c7f4-40c7-9490-bfb0d22e28f1,"4G")
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1055] settings-connection[0x12b6590,7640a17c-c7f4-40c7-9490-bfb0d22e28f1]: failed to read connection timestamp: Key file does not have key '7640a17c-c7f4-40c7-9490-bfb0d22e28f1' in group 'timestamps'
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1088]    connection 'new connection' (0x12b6590/NMKeyfileConnection): [/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/2]
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1090]    connection                [ 0x12fd2a8 ]
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1091]    connection.id             = '4G'
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1092]    connection.interface-name = 'ttyUSB2'
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1093]    connection.permissions    = []
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1094]    connection.secondaries    = []
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1095]    connection.type           = 'gsm'
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1096]    connection.uuid           = '7640a17c-c7f4-40c7-9490-bfb0d22e28f1'
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1097]    gsm                       [ 0x1332b30 ]
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1098]    gsm.apn                   = 'telstra.internet'
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1099]    gsm.number                = '*99#'
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1100]    ipv4                      [ 0x1310bc8 ]
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1101]    ipv4.addresses            = ((GPtrArray*) 0x1303660)
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1102]    ipv4.dns                  = []
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1103]    ipv4.dns-search           = []
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1104]    ipv4.method               = 'auto'
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1105]    ipv4.routes               = ((GPtrArray*) 0x12f7fc8)
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1106]    ipv6                      [ 0x1310c90 ]
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1107]    ipv6.addresses            = ((GPtrArray*) 0x12f8180)
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1108]    ipv6.dns                  = []
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1109]    ipv6.dns-search           = []
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1110]    ipv6.method               = 'auto'
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1111]    ipv6.routes               = ((GPtrArray*) 0x12f7478)
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1127] create NMAuditManager singleton (0x75300d50)
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <info>  [1523928492.1129] audit: op="connection-add" uuid="7640a17c-c7f4-40c7-9490-bfb0d22e28f1" name="4G" pid=3186 uid=0 result="success"
Apr 17 01:28:12 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928492.1168] Saving secrets for connection /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/2 (4G)
Apr 17 01:28:28 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <debug> [1523928508.6772] manager: (WWAN): setting radio enabled by user
Apr 17 01:28:28 localhost.localdomain NetworkManager[1489]: <info>  [1523928508.6842] audit: op="radio-control" arg="wwan-enabled:1" pid=3201 uid=0 result="success"
</code>

But, if I do something like ping using the ppp interface, I get nothing:

<code>$ sudo ping -I ppp0 8.8.8.8
</code>

What do I need to do to get the WWAN interface working?

Mounting of smb shares

Some SMB shares are only available on certain networks or locations (e.g. at home). You can use the dispatcher to only mount SMB shares that are present at your current location.

The following script will check if we connected to a specific network and mount shares accordingly:

/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/30-mount-smb.sh

#!/bin/sh

# Find the connection UUID with "nmcli connection show" in terminal.
# All NetworkManager connection types are supported: wireless, VPN, wired...
if [ "$2" = "up" ]; then
  if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "uuid" ]; then
    mount /your/mount/point & 
    # add more shares as needed
  fi
fi

The following script will unmount all SMB shares before a software initiated disconnect from a specific network:

/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/pre-down.d/30-umount-smb.sh

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "uuid" ]; then
  umount -a -l -t cifs
fi

Note: Make sure this script is located in the pre-down.d sub-directory as shown above, otherwise it will unmount all shares on any connection state change.

The following script will attempt to unmount all SMB shares following an unexpected disconnect from a specific network:

/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/40-umount-smb.sh

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "uuid" ]; then
  if [ "$2" = "down" ]; then
    umount -a -l -t cifs
  fi
fi

An alternative is to use the script as seen in NFS#Using a NetworkManager dispatcher:

/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/30-smb.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Find the connection UUID with "nmcli con show" in terminal.
# All NetworkManager connection types are supported: wireless, VPN, wired...
WANTED_CON_UUID="CHANGE-ME-NOW-9c7eff15-010a-4b1c-a786-9b4efa218ba9"

if [[ "$CONNECTION_UUID" == "$WANTED_CON_UUID" ]]; then
    
    # Script parameter $1: NetworkManager connection name, not used
    # Script parameter $2: dispatched event
    
    case "$2" in
        "up")
            mount -a -t cifs
            ;;
        "pre-down");&
        "vpn-pre-down")
            umount -l -a -t cifs >/dev/null
            ;;
    esac
fi

Note: This script ignores mounts with the noauto option, remove this mount option or use auto to allow the dispatcher to manage these mounts.

Create a symlink inside /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/pre-down/ to catch the pre-down events:

# ln -s ../30-smb.sh /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/pre-down.d/30-smb.sh

Use dispatcher to connect to a vpn after a network connection is established

/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/vpn-up

#!/bin/sh
VPN_NAME="name of VPN connection defined in NetworkManager"
ESSID="Wi-Fi network ESSID (not connection name)"

interface=$1 status=$2
case $status in
  up|vpn-down)
    if iwgetid | grep -qs ":"$ESSID""; then
      nmcli connection up id "$VPN_NAME"
    fi
    ;;
  down)
    if iwgetid | grep -qs ":"$ESSID""; then
      if nmcli connection show --active | grep "$VPN_NAME"; then
        nmcli connection down id "$VPN_NAME"
      fi
    fi
    ;;
esac

If you would like to attempt to automatically connect to VPN for all Wi-Fi networks, you can use the following definition of the ESSID: ESSID=$(iwgetid -r). Remember to set the script’s permissions accordingly.

Trying to connect with the above script may still fail with NetworkManager-dispatcher.service complaining about ‘no valid VPN secrets’, because of the way VPN secrets are stored. Fortunately, there are different options to give the above script access to your VPN password.

1: One of them requires editing the VPN connection configuration file to make NetworkManager store the secrets by itself rather than inside a keyring that will be inaccessible for root: open up /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/name of your VPN connection and change the password-flags and secret-flags from 1 to 0.

If that alone does not work, you may have to create a passwd-file in a safe location with the same permissions and ownership as the dispatcher script, containing the following:

/path/to/passwd-file

vpn.secrets.password:YOUR_PASSWORD

The script must be changed accordingly, so that it gets the password from the file:

/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/vpn-up

#!/bin/sh
VPN_NAME="name of VPN connection defined in NetworkManager"
ESSID="Wi-Fi network ESSID (not connection name)"

interface=$1 status=$2
case $status in
  up|vpn-down)
    if iwgetid | grep -qs ":"$ESSID""; then
      nmcli connection up id "$VPN_NAME" passwd-file /path/to/passwd-file
    fi
    ;;
  down)
    if iwgetid | grep -qs ":"$ESSID""; then
      if nmcli connection show --active | grep "$VPN_NAME"; then
        nmcli connection down id "$VPN_NAME"
      fi
    fi
    ;;
esac

2: Alternatively, change the password-flags and put the password directly in the configuration file adding the section vpn-secrets:

 [vpn]
 ....
 password-flags=0
 
 [vpn-secrets]
 password=<span>your_password</span>

Note: It may now be necessary to re-open the NetworkManager connection editor and save the VPN passwords/secrets again.

Как подключить 3g usb модем (мегафон, мтс, билайн) в ubuntu linux 12.04

В этой статье будет рассмотрена настройка и подключение 3G USB модема
(МТС, Мегафон) в Ubuntu 12.04. Это предельно
простая инструкция как подключить сотовый 3G модем в графической среде
Unity, с использованием интерфейса
Network Manager. Инструкция применима не только к
Ubuntu установленной на жесткий диск, но и к
Live варианту запускаемому с
USB флешки или с лазерного диска.

В Linux, в графических оболочках
Gnome, KDE, XFCE, Unity в качестве графического
интерфейса для настройки сетевых подключений используется программа Network Manager. Точнее Network
Manager обеспечивает plug and play работу с
физическими сетевыми устройствами, а графический интерфейс этой программы
называется Network Manager
Applet (nm-applet). Network Manager
Applet отображается в виде значка в системном трее
и если на этом значке кликнуть мышью откроется меню с функциями программы: