Настройка сети в Linux Debian | Админия

At commands

There are some useful commands:

• AT^U2DIAG=0 — the device is only Modem
• AT^U2DIAG=1 — device is in modem mode CD ROM
• AT^U2DIAG=255 — the device in modem mode CD ROM Card Reader
• AT^U2DIAG=256 — the device in modem mode Card Reader
• AT CPIN=PIN-CODE — enter PIN-code
• AT CUSD=1,PDU-encoded-USSD-code,15 — USSD request, result can be found (probably) in /dev/ttyUSB2.

Encode *100# to PDU format:

$ perl -e '@a=split(//,unpack("b*","*100#")); for ($i=7; $i < $#a; $i =8) { $a[$i]="" } print uc(unpack("H*", pack("b*", join("", @a))))."n"'

Decode AA180C3602 from PDU format:

$ perl -e '@a=split(//,unpack("b*", pack("H*","AA180C3602"))); for ($i=6; $i < $#a; $i =7) {$a[$i].="0" } print pack("b*", join("", @a)).""'

Answer decoding (this example is balance response: 151.25):

$ perl -e 'print pack("H*", "003100350031002C003200350020044004430431002E0020");'

Some operators return USSD result in PDU encoding, so you should check proper decoding method.

• AT CSQ — get signal quality (AT CSQ=?)
• AT GMI — get manufacturer
• AT GMM — get model
• AT GMR — get revision
• AT GMN — get IMEI
• AT COPS? — get operator info
• AT^CARDLOCK="NCK-code" — unlock modem. NCK-code should be calculated by IMEI. After that modem can work with any GSM-provider.
• AT^SYSCFG=mode, order, band, roaming, domain — System Config

Mode:

• 2 Automatic search
• 13 2G ONLY
• 14 3G ONLY
• 16 No change

Order:

• 0 Automatic search
• 1 2G first, then 3G
• 2 3G first, then 2G
• 3 No change

Band:

• 80 GSM DCS systems
• 100 Extended GSM 900
• 200 Primary GSM 900
• 200000 GSM PCS
• 400000 WCDMA IMT 2000
• 3FFFFFFF Any band
• 40000000 No change of band

Roaming:

• 0 Not supported
• 1 Roaming is supported
• 2 No change

Domain:

• 0 CS_ONLY
• 1 PS_ONLY
• 2 CS_PS
• 3 ANY
• 4 No change

By the configuration file

/etc/usb_modeswitch.conf

DisableSwitching=1

Commands to restart the device

Unplugging, and plugging, the device is sometimes used to restart the USB device. The following describes how to do that from the shell. Doing that from the shell might be useful, if, for example, the plug is at the rear side of the PC. The method described is not just for USB modems. It should be good for many other USB devices.

The important part is that the requirements are for the USB bus, and the port, the device is attached to. There could be one, or more, sub ports too. Suppose I obtained bus 2 and port 4, without sub ports, for my device from the output of lsusb -t. This information is also recorded in the journal. With

$ cat /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/2-4/product

I can verify it is the intended device.

The following sequence will restart the device:

Connection

To connect to the mobile network, use one of the following methods.

Connection halts after few minutes running

This problem commonly occurs on some modems which locked by a mobile operator. You can successfully connect to the internet but after few minutes connection halts and your modem reboots. That happens because an operator built a some checks into modem firmware so a modem checks if a branded software is running on your pc, but usually that software is Windows-only, and obviously you do not use it. Fix (it works on ZTE-mf190 at least) is simple — send this command through serial port (use minicom or similar soft):

AT ZCDRUN=Ern

This command will delete a NODOWNLOAD.FLG file in the modem’s filesystem — it will disable such checks.

Another possibility for such disconnections is to help the customer save bandwidth, which might be expensive. With Huawei HiLink devices with a web interface, there might be an option there to set a longer period of inactivity before the connection hangs up.

Device identification

Installusbutils.

Examine the output of:

$ lsusb

which will show the vendor and product IDs of the device. Note that some devices will show two different product IDs at different times as explained below.

Note: Mini PCIe adapters also show up in lsusb instead of lspci.

Disable mode switching

Some ways to disable usb_modeswitch from operating on a device before the device was inserted, for example to be able to read the initial flash memory (ZeroCD), are:

Fix image quality

If you are getting low quality images while browsing the web over a mobile broadband connection with the hints shift r improves the quality of this image and shift a improves the quality of all images on this page, follow these instructions:

Installtinyproxy.

Edit /etc/tinyproxy/tinyproxy.conf and insert the following two lines:

AddHeader "Pragma" "No-Cache"
AddHeader "Cache-Control" "No-Cache"

Starttinyproxy.service

Configure your browser to use localhost:8888 as a proxy server and you are all done. This is especially useful if you are using, for example, Google Chrome which, unlike Firefox, does not allow you to modify the Pragma and Cache-Control headers.

Libmbim

Install libmbim. To bring up the modem you can use mbim-network which is a wrapper for mmcli calls. First create a profile for mbim-network.

/etc/mbim-network.conf

APN=apn=internet.myisp.example

Now connect to the network with:

# mbim-network /dev/cdc-wdmX start

Then follow Network configuration to bring up the ww* interface and get an IP address using DHCP.

Low connection speed

Someone claims that the connection speed under Linux is lower than Windows [3]. This is a short summary for possible solutions which are not fully verified.

In most of conditions, the low speed is caused by bad receiver signals and too many people in cell. But you still could use the following method to try to improve the connection speed:

• QoS parameter can be set with the AT CGEQMIN and AT CGEQREQ commands. It should also be possible to decrease and limit the connection speed. Add the following Init command in /etc/wvdial.conf:

Init6 = AT CGEQMIN=1,4,64,640,64,640
Init7 = AT CGEQREQ=1,4,64,640,64,640

• Baud parameter in /etc/wvdial.conf could be used to increase the connection speed:

Baud = 460800

It is advisable to see the baud rate set by the official modem application for Windows (possibly 9600 on Vista).

Modem mode

In general, at this point you should note if mode switching left you with additional /dev/ttyUSB* serial device and a ww*network interface. You can do that with journalctl or by shell commands such as:

$ ls /dev/ttyUSB*
$ ip link

Modemmanager

Installmodemmanager and usb_modeswitch.

Start and enableModemManager.service.

Use mmcli(1) to communicate with the modem.

The simplest way to establish a connection is to use mmcli’s —simple-connect option.

First, list the modems and find the modem’s index:

$ mmcli -L

Look for /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Modem/MODEM_INDEX.

Next connect to the mobile network. For example:

$ mmcli -m MODEM_INDEX --simple-connect="apn=internet.myisp.example"

Modemmanager does not recognize the modem

In case ModemManager does not recognize the modem, check the output of:

# systemctl status ModemManager.service

Monitor used bandwidth

Frequently a 3G connection obtained via a mobile phone operator comes with restricted bandwidth, so that you are only allowed to use a certain bandwidth per time (e.g. 1GB per month). While it is quite straight-forward to know which type of network applications are pretty bandwidth extensive (e.g. video streaming, gaming, torrent, etc.), it may be difficult to keep an overview about overall consumed bandwidth.

Netctl

Netctl can be used to establish a connection using a USB modem. An example configuration file provided by netctl is located at /etc/netctl/examples/mobile_ppp. Minimally you will probably have to specify

/etc/netctl/mobile_ppp

Interface=cdc-wdmX
Connection=mobile_ppp
AccessPointName=apn=internet.myisp.example

See the netctl article and netctl.profile(5) for more information.

Networkmanager

NetworkManager uses ModemManager to work with mobile broadband modems. See NetworkManager#Mobile broadband support.

Remove the pin

First of all use your SIM card in a normal phone and disable the PIN request if present. If the SIM card asks the PIN wvdial will not work.

Failing that, you can use mmcli (provided by modemmanager) or AT commands, to unlock the SIM card.

Using mmcli

First, list the modems and find the modem’s index:

$ mmcli -L

Look for /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Modem/MODEM_INDEX.

Find the SIM card index:

$ mmcli -m MODEM_INDEX

Just as with the modem index, look for primary sim path: /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SIM/SIM_INDEX.

Unlock the SIM card:

$ mmcli --sim=SIM_INDEX --pin=PIN

Remove the requirement for PIN:

$ mmcli --sim=SIM_INDEX --pin=PIN --disable-pin

With a udev rule

Masking the udev rule the package is using can be achieved with

With dedicated software

This was tested on a Huawei EM770W (GTM382E) 3g card integrated into an Acer Aspire AS3810TG laptop. Install gnokiiAUR, then:

$ mkdir -p $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gnokii

Usually the configuration directory is ~/.config/gnokii.

$ cp /etc/gnokiirc ~/.config/gnokii/config

Edit ~/.config/gnokii/config as follows:

port = /dev/ttyUSB0

You may have to use a different port depending on your configuration, for example /dev/ttyUSB1 or something else:

model = AT
connection = serial

You need to be part of the uucpgroup to use /dev/ttyUSB0.

Then launch gnokii:

$ xgnokii

Click on the «SMS» icon button, a window opens up. Then click: «messages->activate sms reading». Your messages will show up in the window.

Command line script:

A small command line script using gnokii to read SMS on your SIM card (not phone memory) without having to start a GUI:

$ gnokii --getsms SM 0 end 2>&1|grep Text -A1 -B3|grep -v Text

What it does:

gnokii # invoke gnokii
--getsms SM 0 end # read SMS from SM-memory location (=SIM card) starting at 0 and reading all occupied memory locations ("end")
2>&1 # connect STDERR to STDOUT to make sure the output from the --getsms command can be piped to grep
|grep Text # pipe output from gnokii to grep, anchoring at output containing "Text"
-A1 -B3 # print one line after the matched pattern and three lines before the matched pattern
|grep -v Text # grep result to another grep to exclude the "Text" line (-v for inverting the pattern)

Granted this does not work very well if your SMS contains the word «Text», but you may adapt the script to your liking.

Another option is to use mmcli

#!/bin/bash
#get modem number
MODEMNO=$(mmcli -L | grep -o "Modem/[0-9]" | grep -o [0-9]$)
#list newest SMS
SMSNO=$(mmcli -m ${MODEMNO} --messaging-list-sms | awk '/received/{split($1, ar, ///); print ar[6]; exit}')
#read message
mmcli -m ${MODEMNO} -s /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SMS/${SMSNO}

With email like web interface

Some Devices, such as some Huawei HiLink, include an email like web interface for SMS. It is included in the device internal web server, which is used for other purposes too.

Writing sms

#!/bin/bash
#get modem number
MODEMNO=$(mmcli -L | grep -o "Modem/[0-9]" | grep -o [0-9]$)
#create sms in modem and get number
SMSNO=$(mmcli -m ${MODEMNO} --messaging-create-sms="text='$1',number= $2" | grep -o [0-9]*$)
#send message
mmcli -s ${SMSNO} --send
# delete all sent messages
for i in $(mmcli -m ${MODEMNO} --messaging-list-sms | grep " (sent)" | cut -f5 -d' ') ; do mmcli -m ${MODEMNO} --messaging-delete-sms=$i
done

You may need give permission by creating file with content like

Wvdial

See main article: wvdial

Настройка сети в linux debian | админия

Способ 1: настройка через gnome-ppp

1) Устанавливаем программу:

sudo apt-get install gnome-ppp

2) Чтобы не писать каждый раз в терминале команду для запуска, я создала launcher

3) После запуска видим окошко, в котором нужно заполнить все поля

4) Далее необходим задать некоторые настройки, нажимаем кнопочку Setup

• жмем Detect и автоматически определяется наш модем
• обязательно убираем Wait For Dialtone

нажав на Init Strings, добавляем строку инициализации:

• копируем, вставляем
• чтобы сохранилась, нажимаем Enter
• потом нажимаем Close

В примере строка для Киевстара и определенного тарифного плана! Вам нужно вставить свою строку инициализации: для своего оператора и своего тарифного плана!

• переходим на вкладку Options

на вкладке ставим галочки, как показано на рисунке (обязательно убираем Abort connecting if no dialtone!). Можно еще отметить две первых галочки, но в Ubuntu 11.04 при сворачивании в трей окошки исчезают и развернуть их без лишних действий невозможно =)

Когда все настройки заданы, нажимаем Close и попадаем на уже знакомую вкладку

Нажимаем Connect и наслаждаем интернетом 🙂

Способ 2: настройка через networkmanager

1) Заходим в Network Connections → Mobile Broadband → Add (или Edit, если подключение автоматически добавилось)

2) Выбираем модем и нажимаем Forward

3) Выбираем страну и нажимаем Forward

4) Выбираем провайдера и нажимаем Forward

5) Указываем тарифный план и жмем Forward

6) Проверяем настройки и нажимаем Apply