android — ADB Install Fails With INSTALL_FAILED_TEST_ONLY — Stack Overflow

Just use the following command:

adb install -t app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk

You do not need to use -r, -r means Reinstall an existing app, keeping its data.

Install an app You can use adb to install an APK on an emulator or
connected device with the install command:

adb install path_to_apk

You must use the -t option with the install command when you install a
test APK. For more information, see -t.

https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb#move

-t: Allow test APKs to be installed. Gradle generates a test APK when you have only run or debugged your app or have used the Android Studio
Build > Build APK command. If the APK is built using a developer
preview SDK (if the targetSdkVersion is a letter instead of a number),
you must include the -t option with the install command if you are
installing a test APK.

https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb#-t-option

Or you could use the same command as you click Run in Android Studio

adb push {project dir}/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk /data/local/tmp/{appId}
adb shell pm install -t /data/local/tmp/{appId}

appId is defined in the app/build.gradle.

defaultConfig { applicationId appId

Now the app is installed from locally on the device
Launch the first activity.

adb shell am start -n "{package name}/{package name}.splash.SplashActivity" -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER

2022-11-13 13:43 Gradle sync started

13:44 Project setup started

13:44 Executing tasks: [:app:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_explore:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_uibase:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_widget:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_runtime:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_cards:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_launcher:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_settings:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_transactions:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_payment:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_common:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_account:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_commonres:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_bootstrap:generateDebugSources,
:vplus_logger:generateDebugSources]

13:44 Gradle sync finished in 27 s 126 ms

13:44 Gradle build finished in 4 s 666 ms

13:45 * daemon not running; starting now at tcp:5037

13:45 * daemon started successfully

13:45 Executing tasks: [:app:assembleDebug]

13:46 Gradle build finished in 33 s 640 ms